| Tutorial
por: Anselmo Andr�
Configurando o X-Window Primeiramente, para voc� poder configurar o X-Window, � extremamente importante que voc� tenha em m�os o manual do seu monitor, ou ent�o as especifica��es t�cnicas dele quanto a faixa de frequ�ncia horizontal e vertical. Quanto a sua placa de v�deo, h� um programinha que pode lhe auxiliar a descobrir algumas informa��es:o SuperProbe. Logo ap�s voc� logar no sistema, digite: # SuperProbe -v Quando aparecerem informa��es sobre sua placa, anote tudo em um papel e vamos para a pr�xima etapa. Alguns sistemas possuem o utilit�rio Xconfigurator, por�m eu prefiro o xf86config por ser mais flex�vel. Ent�o � nele que vamos nos basear neste tutotrial.. Execute o seguinte comando: # xf86config Obs: O simbolo `#` � s� pra mostrar que voc� est� no prompt, voc� n�o deve digit�-lo. Imediatamente, uma tela id�ntica a abaxo ser� exibida: This program will create a basic XF86Config file, based on menu selections you make. The XF86Config file usually resides in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11 or /etc. A sample XF86Config file is supplied with XFree86; it is configured for a standard VGA card and monitor with 640x480 resolution. This program will ask for a pathname when it is ready to write the file. You can either take the sample XF86Config as a base and edit it for your configuration, or let this program produce a base XF86Config file for your configuration and fine-tune it. Refer to /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc/README.Config for a detailed overview of the configuration process. For accelerated servers (including accelerated drivers in the SVGA server), there are many chipset and card-specific options and settings. This program does not know about these. On some configurations some of these settings must be specified. Refer to the server man pages and chipset-specific READMEs. Before continuing with this program, make sure you know the chipset and amount of video memory on your video card. SuperProbe can help with this. It is also helpful if you know what server you want to run. Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort. Pressione ENTER para continuar. The directory '/usr/X386/bin' exists. You probably have an old version of XFree86 installed (XFree86 3.1 installs in '/usr/X11R6' instead of '/usr/X386'). It is important that the directory '/usr/X11R6' is present in your search path, *before* any occurrence of '/usr/X386/bin'. If you have installed X program binaries that are not in the base XFree86 distribution in '/usr/X386/bin', you can keep the directory in your path as long as it is after '/usr/X11R6'. Your PATH is currently set as follows: /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11/bin:/usr/andrew/bin:/usr /openwin/bin:/usr/games:.:/usr/lib/teTeX/bin:/usr/X11/bin:/usr/andrew/bin:/usr/openwin/bin:/usr /games:.:/usr/lib/teTeX/bin Note that the X binary directory in your path may be a symbolic link. In that case you could modify the symbolic link to point to the new binaries. Example: 'rm -f /usr/bin/X11; ln -s /usr/X11R6/bin /usr/bin/X11', if the link is '/usr/bin/X11'. Make sure the path is OK before continuing. Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort. Pressione enter novamente ou Ctrl-C para sair First specify a mouse protocol type. Choose one from the following list: 1. Microsoft compatible (2-button protocol) 2. Mouse Systems (3-button protocol) 3. Bus Mouse 4. PS/2 Mouse 5. Logitech Mouse (serial, old type, Logitech protocol) 6. Logitech MouseMan (Microsoft compatible) 7. MM Series 8. MM HitTablet 9. Microsoft IntelliMouse If you have a two-button mouse, it is most likely of type 1, and if you have a three-button mouse, it can probably support both protocol 1 and 2. There are two main varieties of the latter type: mice with a switch to select the protocol, and mice that default to 1 and require a button to be held at boot-time to select protocol 2. Some mice can be convinced to do 2 by sending a special sequence to the serial port (see the ClearDTR/ClearRTS options). Enter a protocol number: Escolha a op��o que se mais se adequa ao tipo do seu mouse. Acredito que a maioria dos usu�rios ter�o um desempenho satisfat�rio escolhendo a op��o n�mero 1. Por�m se seu mouse tiver 3 bot�es ou funcionar num dispositivo PS/2, fa�a a escolha mais adequada.Caso voc� tenha optado pela op��o 1, aparecer� a seguinte tela:: You have selected a Microsoft protocol mouse. If your mouse was made by Logitech, you might want to enable ChordMiddle which could cause the third button to work. Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'. Do you want to enable ChordMiddle? S� responda sim(y) , se seu mouse for fabricado pela Logitech e tiver 3 bot�es. Caso n�o seja seu caso, responda n�o (n). You have selected a three-button mouse protocol. It is recommended that you do not enable Emulate3Buttons, unless the third button doesn't work. Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'. Do you want to enable Emulate3Buttons? Se voc� tem um mouse de 3 bot�es, responda n�o (n), caso voc� tenha um mouse de 2 bot�es, voc� pode utilizar esta op��o para criar um terceiro bot�o virtual para seu mouse. Eu n�o recomento esta op��o para ningu�m, portanto, a n�o ser que vc saiba o que est� fazendo, responda n�o (n). Now give the full device name that the mouse is connected to, for example /dev/tty00. Just pressing enter will use the default, /dev/mouse. Mouse device:Digite /dev/mouse Pressione enter Beginning with XFree86 3.1.2D, you can use the new X11R6.1 XKEYBOARD extension to manage the keyboard layout. If you answer 'n' to the following question, the server will use the old method, and you have to adjust your keyboard layout with xmodmap. Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'. Do you want to use XKB? S� responda sim (y) se voc� quiser utilizar no X-Window um teclado diferente do que vc usa no Linux. Caso voc� esteja satisfeito com sua configura��o de teclado, responde n�o (n). Se voc� responder n�o(n) , aparecer� a seguinte tela: Now we want to set the specifications of the monitor. The two critical parameters are the vertical refresh rate, which is the rate at which the the whole screen is refreshed, and most importantly the horizontal sync rate, which is the rate at which scanlines are displayed. The valid range for horizontal sync and vertical sync should be documented in the manual of your monitor. If in doubt, check the monitor database /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc/Monitors to see if your monitor is there. Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort. Pressione enter para continuar ou crtl-c para sair. You must indicate the horizontal sync range of your monitor. You can either select one of the predefined ranges below that correspond to industry- standard monitor types, or give a specific range. It is VERY IMPORTANT that you do not specify a monitor type with a horizontal sync range that is beyond the capabilities of your monitor. If in doubt, choose a conservative setting. hsync in kHz; monitor type with characteristic modes 1 31.5; Standard VGA, 640x480 @ 60 Hz 2 31.5 - 35.1; Super VGA, 800x600 @ 56 Hz 3 31.5, 35.5; 8514 Compatible, 1024x768 @ 87 Hz interlaced (no 800x600) 4 31.5, 35.15, 35.5; Super VGA, 1024x768 @ 87 Hz interlaced, 800x600 @ 56 Hz 5 31.5 - 37.9; Extended Super VGA, 800x600 @ 60 Hz, 640x480 @ 72 Hz 6 31.5 - 48.5; Non-Interlaced SVGA, 1024x768 @ 60 Hz, 800x600 @ 72 Hz 7 31.5 - 57.0; High Frequency SVGA, 1024x768 @ 70 Hz 8 31.5 - 64.3; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 60 Hz 9 31.5 - 79.0; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 74 Hz 10 31.5 - 82.0; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 76 Hz 11 Enter your own horizontal sync range Enter your choice (1-11): Consulte o manual do seu monitor: Frequencia horizontal. Tome cuidado! Se voc� especificar uma faixa de frequencia maior do que seu monitor suporta voc� pode danific�-lo. Se nenhuma das faixas pr�-definidas corresponderem a do seu monitor, digite 11, pressione enter e especifique vc mesmo a frequencia horizontal do seu monitor. You must indicate the vertical sync range of your monitor. You can either select one of the predefined ranges below that correspond to industry- standard monitor types, or give a specific range. For interlaced modes, the number that counts is the high one (e.g. 87 Hz rather than 43 Hz). 1 50-70 2 50-90 3 50-100 4 40-150 5 Enter your own vertical sync range Enter your choice:Especifique agora a frequencia vertical do seu monitor. The
strings are free-form, spaces are allowed.
Digite uma descri��o para seu monitor, modelo, e fabricante, ou simplesmente pressione enter e deixe-os em branco. N�o faz diferen�a. Now we must configure video card specific settings. At this point you can choose to make a selection out of a database of video card definitions. Because there can be variation in Ramdacs and clock generators even between cards of the same model, it is not sensible to blindly copy the settings (e.g. a Device section). For this reason, after you make a selection, you will still be asked about the components of the card, with the settings from the chosen database entry presented as a strong hint. The database entries include information about the chipset, what server to run, the Ramdac and ClockChip, and comments that will be included in the Device section. However, a lot of definitions only hint about what server to run (based on the chipset the card uses) and are untested. If you can't find your card in the database, there's nothing to worry about. You should only choose a database entry that is exactly the same model as your card; choosing one that looks similar is just a bad idea (e.g. a GemStone Snail 64 may be as different from a GemStone Snail 64+ in terms of hardware as can be). Do you want to look at the card database? Responda sim (y) para ver uma lista de placas de v�deo dispon�veis.Escolha um dos modelos de placas dispon�veis. Em seguida aparecer� uma tela como esta: Your selected card definition: Identifier: XXXXXXXXX Chipset: XXXXXXXXX Server: XXXXXXXX Do NOT probe clocks or use any Clocks line. Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort. Pressione enter Now you must determine which server to run. Refer to the manpages and other documentation. The following servers are available (they may not all be installed on your system): 1 The XF86_Mono server. This a monochrome server that should work on any VGA-compatible card, in 640x480 (more on some SVGA chipsets). 2 The XF86_VGA16 server. This is a 16-color VGA server that should work on any VGA-compatible card. 3 The XF86_SVGA server. This is a 256 color SVGA server that supports a number of SVGA chipsets. On some chipsets it is accelerated or supports higher color depths. 4 The accelerated servers. These include XF86_S3, XF86_Mach32, XF86_Mach8, XF86_8514, XF86_P9000, XF86_AGX, XF86_W32, XF86_Mach64, XF86_I128 and XF86_S3V. These four server types correspond to the four different "Screen" sections in XF86Config (vga2, vga16, svga, accel). 5 Choose the server from the card definition, XF86_Mach64. Which one of these screen types do you intend to run by default (1-5)? Escolha a op��o 5 para ser escolhido um servidor de acordo com sua placa de v�deo. Now you must give information about your video card. This will be used for the "Device" section of your video card in XF86Config. You must indicate how much video memory you have. It is probably a good idea to use the same approximate amount as that detected by the server you intend to use. If you encounter problems that are due to the used server not supporting the amount memory you have (e.g. ATI Mach64 is limited to 1024K with the SVGA server), specify the maximum amount supported by the server. How much video memory do you have on your video card: 1 256K 2 512K 3 1024K 4 2048K 5 4096K 6 Other Enter your choice: De acordo com as informa��es obtidas com o SuperProbe selecione a op��o que se adequa a sua placa de v�deo. You must now enter a few identification/description strings, namely an identifier, a vendor name, and a model name. Just pressing enter will fill in default names (possibly from a card definition). Your card definition is ATI Mach64 CT (264CT), Internal RAMDAC. The strings are free-form, spaces are allowed. Enter an identifier for your video card definition: You can simply press enter here if you have a generic card, or want to describe your card with one string. Enter the vendor name of your video card: Enter the model (board) name of your video card: Digite uma descri��o de sua plca ou deixe-os os campos em branco, n�o faz diferen�a. The RAMDAC setting only applies to the S3, AGX, W32 servers, and some drivers in the SVGA servers. Some RAMDAC's are auto-detected by the server. The detection of a RAMDAC is forced by using a Ramdac "identifier" line in the Device section. The identifiers are shown at the right of the following table of RAMDAC types: 1 AT&T 20C490 (S3 and AGX servers, ARK driver) att20c490 2 AT&T 20C498/21C498/22C498 (S3, autodetected) att20c498 3 AT&T 20C409/20C499 (S3, autodetected) att20c409 4 AT&T 20C505 (S3) att20c505 5 BrookTree BT481 (AGX) bt481 6 BrookTree BT482 (AGX) bt482 7 BrookTree BT485/9485 (S3) bt485 8 Sierra SC15025 (S3, AGX) sc15025 9 S3 GenDAC (86C708) (autodetected) s3gendac 10 S3 SDAC (86C716) (autodetected) s3_sdac 11 STG-1700 (S3, autodetected) stg1700 12 STG-1703 (S3, autodetected) stg1703 Enter a number to choose the corresponding RAMDAC. Press enter for the next page, q to quit without selection of a RAMDAC. A n�o ser que vc saiba exatamente o que est� fazendo, eu recomendo que pressione q para sair sem selecionar nenhum RAMDAC A Clockchip line in the Device section forces the detection of a programmable clock device. With a clockchip enabled, any required clock can be programmed without requiring probing of clocks or a Clocks line. Most cards don't have a programmable clock chip. Choose from the following list: 1 Chrontel 8391 ch8391 2 ICD2061A and compatibles (ICS9161A, DCS2824) icd2061a 3 ICS2595 ics2595 4 ICS5342 (similar to SDAC, but not completely compatible) ics5342 5 ICS5341 ics5341 6 S3 GenDAC (86C708) and ICS5300 (autodetected) s3gendac 7 S3 SDAC (86C716) s3_sdac 8 STG 1703 (autodetected) stg1703 9 Sierra SC11412 sc11412 10 TI 3025 (autodetected) ti3025 11 TI 3026 (autodetected) ti3026 12 IBM RGB 51x/52x (autodetected) ibm_rgb5xx Just press enter if you don't want a Clockchip setting. What Clockchip setting do you want (1-12)? Pressione enter para continuar sem selecionar um Clockship. For most configurations, a Clocks line is useful since it prevents the slow and nasty sounding clock probing at server start-up. Probed clocks are displayed at server startup, along with other server and hardware configuration info. You can save this information in a file by running 'X -probeonly 2>output_file'. Be warned that clock probing is inherently imprecise; some clocks may be slightly too high (varies per run). At this point I can run X -probeonly, and try to extract the clock information from the output. It is recommended that you do this yourself and add a clocks line (note that the list of clocks may be split over multiple Clocks lines) to your Device section afterwards. Be aware that a clocks line is not appropriate for drivers that have a fixed set of clocks and don't probe by default (e.g. Cirrus). Also, for the P9000 server you must simply specify clocks line that matches the modes you want to use. For the S3 server with a programmable clock chip you need a 'ClockChip' line and no Clocks line. You must be root to be able to run X -probeonly now. The card definition says to NOT probe clocks. Do you want me to run 'X -probeonly' now? Responda n�o (n) For each depth, a list of modes (resolutions) is defined. The default resolution that the server will start-up with will be the first listed mode that can be supported by the monitor and card. Currently it is set to: "640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" for 8bpp "640x480" "800x600" for 16bpp "640x480" for 24bpp "640x400" for 32bpp Note that 16, 24 and 32bpp are only supported on a few configurations. Modes that cannot be supported due to monitor or clock constraints will be automatically skipped by the server. 1 Change the modes for 8pp (256 colors) 2 Change the modes for 16bpp (32K/64K colors) 3 Change the modes for 24bpp (24-bit color, packed pixel) 4 Change the modes for 32bpp (24-bit color) 5 The modes are OK, continue. Enter your choice: Escolha a quantidade de cores que vc vai usar. Veja abaixo o que eu recomendo:Mem�ria de V�deo Cores 1 MB 256 2 MB 32K/64K 4 MB 24 bit color Select modes from the following list: 1 "640x400"
Please type the digits corresponding to the modes that you want to select. For example, 432 selects "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480", with a default mode of 1024x768. Which modes? Agora voc� deve escolher a sua resolu��o de v�deo. Veja abaixo o que eu recomendo: Mem�ria
de V�deo
Resolu��o
You can have
a virtual screen (desktop), which is screen area that is larger
Please answer
the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.
Responda n�o (n) For each depth, a list of modes (resolutions) is defined. The default resolution that the server will start-up with will be the first listed mode that can be supported by the monitor and card. Currently it is set to: "800x600" for 8bpp "640x480" "800x600" for 16bpp "640x480" for 24bpp "640x400" for 32bpp Note that 16, 24 and 32bpp are only supported on a few configurations. Modes that cannot be supported due to monitor or clock constraints will be automatically skipped by the server. 1 Change the modes for 8pp (256 colors) 2 Change the modes for 16bpp (32K/64K colors) 3 Change the modes for 24bpp (24-bit color, packed pixel) 4 Change the modes for 32bpp (24-bit color) 5 The modes are OK, continue. Enter your choice: Se vc est� certo das configura��es de cores e resolu��o de v�deo, escolha 5.I am going to write the XF86Config file now. Make sure you don't accidently overwrite a previously configured one. Shall I write it to /etc/XF86Config? Aqui o programa informa que vai efetuar grava��o no arquivo /etc/XF86Config. Responda sim (y) File has been written. Take a look at it before running 'startx'. Note that the XF86Config file must be in one of the directories searched by the server (e.g. /usr/X11R6/lib/X11) in order to be used. Within the server press ctrl, alt and '+' simultaneously to cycle video resolutions. Pressing ctrl, alt and backspace simultaneously immediately exits the server (use if the monitor doesn't sync for a particular mode). For further configuration, refer to /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc/README.Config. Pressione enter para sair.Agora basta voc� digitar no prompt: Startx Pronto o X-Window deve ser iniciado, caso a tela fique toda preta ou o X-window fique com a tela movendo para os lados, repita todo este procedimento por�m escolha uma resolu��o de v�deo mais modesta e uma quantidade de cores tamb�m. Ou se tiver outros problemas deixe sua pergunta no meu Forum. Qualquer semelhan�a deste texto com outros na Internet � mera coincidencia, pois j� fiz estes passos umas 50 vezes tanto para o RedHat quanto Slackware .
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